Bits, bytes, decimal and binary units
A byte is 8 bits. Larger sizes come in two families. The decimal units KB, MB, GB and TB step up by 1,000, like other metric prefixes. Drive makers, phone makers and network speeds use them. The binary units KiB, MiB, GiB and TiB step up by 1,024, which matches how computer memory is addressed.
Windows shows sizes in binary units but labels them KB, MB and GB, which is why a new 1 TB drive appears as about 931 GB there. macOS and most phones use decimal units, so the same drive shows as 1 TB.
Internet speeds are given in bits per second. Divide Mbps by 8 to get megabytes per second: a 100 Mbps connection downloads at most about 12.5 MB per second.
Common data size conversions
| From | Equals |
|---|---|
| 1 gigabyte | 1,000 megabytes |
| 1 terabyte | 1,000 gigabytes |
| 1 terabyte | 931.3225746 gibibytes |
| 1 gibibyte | 1.073741824 gigabytes |
| 1 megabyte | 0.9536743164 mebibytes |
| 1 byte | 8 bits |
| 1 gigabyte | 8,000,000,000 bits |
Advertised drive size to binary GiB
| Gigabytes (GB) | Gibibytes (GiB) |
|---|---|
| 16 | 14.901 |
| 32 | 29.802 |
| 64 | 59.605 |
| 128 | 119.21 |
| 256 | 238.42 |
| 500 | 465.66 |
| 512 | 476.84 |
| 1,000 | 931.32 |
| 2,000 | 1,862.6 |
| 4,000 | 3,725.3 |
How to use it
- 1Pick the unit you have on the left and the unit you want on the right.
- 2Type a value on either side. The other side updates as you type, and the swap button turns the conversion around.
- 3Read the result and the factor below it, or tap any unit in the list to convert into it. Copy the result or a link to share it.
Frequently asked questions
Why does my 1 TB drive only show 931 GB?
The drive has 1,000,000,000,000 bytes, which is 1 TB in decimal units. Windows divides by 1,024 three times and shows 931 GiB, but labels it GB. No space is missing.
Is a kilobyte 1,000 or 1,024 bytes?
Officially 1,000. The 1,024-byte unit is called a kibibyte (KiB). In practice, many programs still use KB for 1,024 bytes.
What is the difference between Mbps and MB/s?
Mbps is megabits per second, MB/s is megabytes per second. One byte has 8 bits, so 8 Mbps equal 1 MB/s.
How many megabytes are in a gigabyte?
1,000 MB in decimal units, or 1,024 MiB in a GiB in binary units.